Measles Information and Resources
Protecting Our Communities Through Awareness and Prevention
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can lead to serious complications, particularly in young children, pregnant individuals and people with weakened immune systems. Outbreaks continue to occur in the United States, primarily among unvaccinated individuals. The best protection against measles is vaccination with the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine.
What is Measles?
Measles (rubeola) is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus that spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes or breathes. The virus can remain in the air for up to two hours after an infected person leaves an area.
Up to 9 out of 10 susceptible people who are exposed to measles will become infected.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms typically appear 7 to 14 days after exposure but may occur up to 21 days later. Common symptoms include:
- High fever
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)
- Rash that typically starts on the face and spreads downward
- Small white spots inside the mouth (Koplik spots)
A person with measles can spread the virus from four days before through four days after the rash appears.
Measles in Our Region
Measles activity has increased nationally in recent years. Pennsylvania and New York are among the jurisdictions reporting cases. Most cases occurred in individuals who were unvaccinated or whose vaccination status was unknown.
Additional Resources
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Pennsylvania Residents
New York Residents
Frequently Asked Questions
How does measles spread?
Measles spreads through airborne particles and respiratory droplets from an infected person. Because the virus can remain in the air after an infected individual leaves an area, exposure can occur even without direct contact.
Who is most at risk?
Individuals at increased risk include:
- People who are not vaccinated against measles
- Infants too young to be vaccinated
- Pregnant individuals
- People with weakened immune systems
- Children younger than 5 years old
- Adults older than 20 years old, who may be more likely to experience complications
Is measles serious?
Yes. Measles can cause serious complications, including pneumonia, brain inflammation (encephalitis), hospitalization and, in rare cases, death.
What is the best way to prevent measles?
Vaccination is the most effective protection. Two doses of the MMR vaccine provide the best protection against measles and are considered highly effective. Most vaccinated individuals remain protected for life.
How do I know if I'm protected?
Evidence of immunity may include:
- Documentation of appropriate MMR vaccination
- Laboratory evidence of immunity
- Laboratory confirmation of previous measles infection
- Birth before 1957 (with certain exceptions for healthcare personnel)
What should I do if I've been exposed?
Contact your healthcare provider immediately to confirm immune/vaccination status and discuss whether options for post-exposure treatment are advised. Regardless of vaccination history, monitor for symptoms for up to 21 days following exposure and contact your healthcare provider if symptoms develop. If you need medical care, call ahead before arriving so appropriate infection prevention precautions can be taken.
Questions?
If you believe you have been exposed to measles or are experiencing symptoms, contact your healthcare provider before arriving for care so appropriate precautions can be taken to protect other patients and caregivers.