AFib Explained: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common type of treated heart arrhythmia in the United States. It raises stroke risk fivefold and can develop without noticeable symptoms. AFib is serious, but it is treatable.
An irregular heartbeat might seem like a minor annoyance. But when that irregularity is AFib, the stakes are considerably higher. With the right care team and a timely diagnosis, most people with AFib can manage the condition effectively and live well.
What is AFib, and why does it matter?
AFib occurs when the electrical signals in the upper chambers of the heart fire chaotically rather than in a coordinated rhythm. This disrupts normal blood flow, allowing blood to pool in the left atrial appendage and form clots. Those clots can travel to the brain and cause a stroke. AFib accounts for about 1 in 7 strokes in the U.S., and strokes caused by AFib tend to be more severe. Left untreated, AFib can also lead to heart failure.
What are the most common symptoms of AFib?
Symptoms vary widely. Some people have clear warning signs; others have none at all, making regular screenings especially important.
When symptoms are present, they may include:
A fluttering or "thumping" sensation in the chest
A rapid or irregular heartbeat
Fatigue or weakness
Shortness of breath
Lightheadedness or chest discomfort
Who is at risk?
Risk increases with age. High blood pressure accounts for roughly 1 in 5 cases. Other risk factors include obesity, diabetes, heart disease, heavy alcohol use, smoking, hyperthyroidism and chronic kidney disease.
How is AFib diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically begins with a visit to a primary care provider, who may refer the patient to a cardiologist if AFib is suspected. An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is usually the first test. In some cases, an electrophysiology study is needed to map the heart's electrical pathways and identify the source of the abnormal rhythm.
If you notice a persistent flutter, pounding or racing sensation in your chest, bring it to your doctor's attention. Early evaluation can prevent complications.
What treatment options are available?
Treatment is tailored to each patient's type of AFib, overall health and personal goals.
Medications can control heart rate and rhythm and lower the risk of blood clots.
Pulmonary Vein Isolation (PVI) is a type of cardiac ablation that scars the tissue responsible for abnormal electrical signals, blocking them from spreading through the heart.
The WATCHMAN device is an implantable option for patients who cannot safely take blood-thinning medications long-term. Placed in the left atrial appendage using a catheter-based procedure, it permanently seals off the area where clots most commonly form in AFib patients.
AFib care at Guthrie
Guthrie's board-certified cardiologists, electrophysiologists and cardiac surgeons offer a full range of AFib services, from evaluation and testing to advanced procedures. The Guthrie Electrophysiology and Pacing program treats arrhythmias, AFib, congestive heart failure and other conditions related to the heart's electrical activity. The Guthrie Arrhythmia Center supports patients with implanted cardiac devices, providing education and ongoing monitoring.
Care is available at multiple locations across Pennsylvania and New York, including the Guthrie Heart and Vascular Care Center at Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, a state-of-the-art facility with cardiac catheterization labs, a hybrid operating room and private patient rooms.
Take the next step
AFib is manageable, and a proper diagnosis is the foundation of effective care. To learn more, schedule an appointment with a cardiologist or arrange cardiac testing such as an EKG or electrophysiology study, visit www.guthrie.org/AFib or call 866-488-4743.